Matul in-nar, numru kbir ta 'gassijiet tossiċi bħal monossidu tal-karbonju (CO), sulfide ta' l-idroġenu (H2S), dijossidu tan-nitroġenu (NO2), ċjanur ta 'l-idroġenu (HCN), eċċ., huma prodotti, li jiġu avvelenati u jmutu wara li jinġibdu man-nifs. mill-ġisem tal-bniedem. Huwa prodott mill-azzjoni ta ' l-elementi tal-karbonju (C), idroġenu (H), ossiġnu (O), kubrit (S), fosfru (P), nitroġenu (N), eċċ li għamla kombustibbli bl-arja.
Fire is a disaster caused by uncontrolled burning in time or space. In the new standard, fire is defined as uncontrolled burning in time or space. Among all kinds of disasters, fire is one of the main disasters that threaten public safety and social development most frequently and widely; the ability of human beings to use and control fire is an important symbol of civilization's progress. Therefore, the history of human use of fire and the history of fighting against fire go hand in hand. When people use fire, they constantly summarize the law of fire occurrence and try to reduce fire and its harm to human beings as much as possible. In the event of a fire, people need to escape safely and as soon as possible. Under normal circumstances, a large number of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, etc. will be produced during the firing process.
Metodu tal-ħarba tan-nar:
1. Keep calm, identify the direction, and evacuate quickly. In the event of a sudden fire, in the face of thick smoke and fire, first of all, you must force yourself to remain calm, quickly determine the dangerous and safe place, decide the way to escape, and evacuate from the dangerous place as soon as possible. Don't blindly follow the flow of people and crowd each other, rushing around. When evacuating, pay attention to running towards a bright place or an open area outside, and try to run below the floor as much as possible. If the passage is blocked by fireworks, you should turn away from the fireworks and escape to the outside through balconies, transoms, rooftops, etc. Remember: a person can only come up with a good solution if he is calm and composed.
2. Don't enter dangerous places, don't be greedy for the property. If you are in danger, you should evacuate as soon as possible. Don't waste your escape time on finding and removing valuables because you are shy or take care of valuables. Those who have escaped from danger should not return to danger and throw themselves into the trap. Remember: keep the green hills, don't be afraid of running out of firewood.
3. Simple protection, cover the nose and prostrate. When escaping through a smoke-filled route, it is necessary to prevent smoke poisoning and suffocation. In order to prevent the smoke from choking in the fire, you can use a towel, a mask to cover your nose, and crawl to evacuate. The smoke is lighter than the air and floats on the upper part. Evacuation close to the ground is the best way to avoid smoke inhalation and filter out the poisonous gas. When passing through the fireworks blockade area, you should wear protective equipment such as gas masks, helmets, flame-retardant, and heat-resistant clothing. Head and body wrapped, and then rushed out. Remember: It's better to have multiple protective gears on hand than bare hands.
4. Agħmel użu tajjeb mill-passaġġ u ma tidħolx fil-lift. Bini ddisinjat u mibni skont l-istandards standard ikollu aktar minn żewġ turġien tal-ħarba, passaġġi, jew ħruġ ta’ sigurtà. Fil-każ ta 'nar, huwa meħtieġ li tagħżel taraġ relattivament sigur skond is-sitwazzjoni. Minbarra l-użu tat-taraġ, tista 'wkoll tuża l-gallarija, soll tat-tieqa, saqaf tas-sema, eċċ tal-bini biex titla' għall-postijiet sikuri tal-madwar u tiżżerżaq 'l isfel tul il-protrużjonijiet fl-istruttura tal-bini bħal downspouts u linji ta' protezzjoni kontra s-sajjetti biex taħrab . F'bini għoli-, is-sistema tal-provvista tal-enerġija tal-lift se tinqata 'fi kwalunkwe ħin f'każ ta' nar, jew il-lift se jiġi deformat minħabba l-effett tas-sħana, u n-nies jinqabdu f' il-lift. Fl-istess ħin, minħabba li x-xaft tal-lift huwa bħal ċmieni li jgħaddi dritt għal kull sular, id-duħħan velenuż jhedded direttament il-ħajja ta 'dawk maqbuda. Ftakar: L-elevaturi huma estremament perikolużi meta jaħarbu.
5. Bil-mod biex taħrab, żżerżaq ħabel biex issalva lilek innifsek. Bini pubbliku-għoli u b'ħafna-sulari ġeneralment ikun mgħammar b'dixxendenti ta'-altitudni għolja jew linji tas-salvataġġ, u l-persunal jista' jħalli artijiet perikolużi b'mod sigur minn dawn il-faċilitajiet. Jekk dawn il-faċilitajiet speċjali mhumiex disponibbli, u l-passaġġ sikur ikun ġie mblukkat, u s-salvataġġ ma jistgħux jaslu fil-ħin, tista 'malajr tuża l-ħbula ta' madwarek jew tagħmel linji ta' salvataġġ sempliċi bħal lożor, purtieri, ħwejjeġ, eċċ., u xarrabha b' ilma mill-soll tat-tieqa jew Il-gallarija tiżżerżaq bil-mod tul il-ħabel sal-art jew l-art taħt; jaħrab b'mod sikur. Ftakar: Kun kuraġġuż u attent, u l-linja tas-salvataġġ tkun maġenbek.
6. Postijiet ta 'kenn, żomm ma' stennija għall-għajnuna. Jekk tħossok sħun meta tmiss il-bieb b'idejk, ladarba tiftaħ il-bieb f'dan il-ħin, il-fjammi u d-duħħan oħxon huma marbuta li jonfok f'wiċċek. Ir-rotta tal-ħarba inqatgħet u ħadd ma ġie salvat għal żmien qasir. F'dan iż-żmien, tista 'tieħu miżuri biex toħloq xelters u żżomm tistenna l-għajnuna. L-ewwel, agħlaq il-bibien u t-twieqi li jiffaċċjaw in-nar, iftaħ il-bibien u t-twieqi kontra n-nar, ipplaggja x-xquq tal-bieb b'xugaman niedja jew b'ċarruta niedja jew ikopri l-bibien u t-twieqi b'kwilt tal-qoton mxarrba fl-ilma, u mbagħad żomm id-drenching il-kamra bl-ilma biex jipprevjenu l-infiltrazzjoni tal-logħob tan-nar u jeħel mal-kamra. sakemm jaslu s-salvataġġ. Ftakar: għaliex tarka qawwija għandha tibża 'lanza li taqta'?
7. Itbandal bil-mod u tarmi ħafif biex tfittex l-għajnuna. Dawk li jinqabdu bil-logħob tan-nar u ma jistgħux jaħarbu temporanjament għandhom jippruvaw jibqgħu f’postijiet bħal gallariji u twieqi li huma faċli li jinstabu u li jistgħu jevitaw il-logħob tan-nar. Matul il-ġurnata, tista 'tħawwad ħwejjeġ qawwi mit-tieqa, jew tarmi oġġetti ħfief li jgħammxu; bil-lejl, tista 'tuża flashlight biex tibqa' tteptep fuq it-tieqa jew tisfrutta l-affarijiet u tibgħat sinjal ta 'periklu effettiv fil-ħin biex tiġbed l-attenzjoni tas-salvataġġ. Ftakar: esponi lilek innifsek bis-sħiħ sabiex issalva lilek innifsek b'mod effettiv.
8. The fire has reached you, don't start running away. If people on the fire spot find that they are on fire, they must not run away or beat them with their hands. When your clothes are on fire, you should quickly try to take off your clothes or roll on the spot to suppress the fire; it is more effective to jump into the water in time or let someone pour water or spray fire on the body. Remember: Rolling on the spot is embarrassing, but burning yourself can be avoided.
9. Qbiż minn fuq il-bini hija ħila, għalkemm tweġġa 'li jgħix. Li jaqbeż mill-bini biex jaħrab huwa wkoll metodu ta 'ħarba, iżda għandu jiġi nnutat li l-metodu ta' jaqbeż minn fuq il-bini huwa adottat biss meta l-pumpiera jippreparaw il-kuxxin tal-arja li jsalva l-ħajja-u jagħtu struzzjonijiet lill-qbiż mill-bini jew l-art mhix għolja (ġeneralment taħt 4 sulari), u l-metodu ta 'qbiż mill-bini jinħaraq għall-mewt. . Meta taqbeż minn bini, għandek ukoll titgħallem il-ħiliet. Meta taqbeż minn fuq bini, għandek tipprova taqbeż fin-nofs tal-kuxxin tal-arja li jsalva l-ħajja-jew tagħżel direzzjoni biex taqbeż f'pixxina, tined artab, ħaxix, eċċ.; jekk possibbli, ipprova żomm xi oġġetti rotob bħal kutri, kuxxini tas-sufan, jew iftaħ umbrella kbira biex taqbeż. isfel biex ittaffi l-impatt. Jekk taqbeż minn fuq bini b'idejk vojta, trid taqbad il-soll tat-tieqa jew il-gallarija biex tagħmel ġismek sag u jaqbeż 'l isfel b'mod naturali, sabiex timminimizza d-distanza vertikali. Qabel l-inżul, għandek iżżomm rasek sewwa biż-żewġ idejn u tgħawweġ ġismek f'ballun biex tnaqqas il-korriment. Ftakar: taqbeż mill-bini ma jfissirx suwiċidju, iċ-ċavetta hija li jkollok bogħod.
10. If you are in a dangerous situation, don't forget to save others. Anyone who finds a fire should call "119" for help as soon as possible, and report the fire to the fire brigade in time. The children, the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled in the fire scene do not have or have lost the ability to save themselves. In addition to saving themselves, other people present should actively help them to escape from danger as soon as possible.
